One prerequisite of diagnosing an auditory processing disorder (APD) is the differential diagnostic exclusion of language comprehension disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, cognitive impairment, as well as autistic-type diseases. This issue is discussed in detail in the updated guidelines for APD, as well as the logical consequences resulting thereof in terms of interpreting individual test results. This update is based in terms of content on the preceding guidelines of the German Society for Phoniatry and Pedaudiology (DGPP) and aligns itself closely with the Californian Speech-Language-Hearing Association, as well as guidelines of the American Academy of Audiology.