Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Sensitive and specific noninvasive biomarkers for tubulointerstitial injury are lacking, and proteomic techniques provide a powerful tool for biomarker discovery.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to identify novel urinary biomarkers of early tubulointerstitial injury in canine progressive renal disease using both 2-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE), which identifies individual proteins, and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF), which generates protein peak profiles.

METHODS:

Urine was collected from 6 male dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN) at 2 time points (TP): 1) the onset of overt proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio>2) and 2) the onset of azotemia (creatinine ≥ 1.2 mg/dL); corresponding renal biopsies were analyzed from 3 of the dogs. Urine samples from the 6 dogs were subjected to analysis by 2-D DIGE and SELDI-TOF. Urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) was evaluated in 25 male dogs with XLHN and normal control dogs by Western blot analysis.

RESULTS:

Clinical data and histologic evaluation revealed reduced renal function and increased tubulointerstitial fibrosis at TP 2. A number of urine proteins and protein peaks were differentially present at the 2 time points, with several known biomarkers of renal disease identified in addition to several promising new biomarkers. RBP was first detected in urine approximately 2 months before onset of azotemia (TP 2), but after onset of overt proteinuria, and amounts increased with progression of disease.

CONCLUSIONS:

Proteomic techniques were successfully used to identify urinary biomarkers of renal disease in dogs with XLHN. Urinary RBP is a promising biomarker for early detection of tubulointerstitial damage and progression to end-stage renal disease.

©2011 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.