A high-fat challenge increases airway inflammation and impairs bronchodilator recovery in asthma

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 May;127(5):1133-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.036. Epub 2011 Mar 5.

Abstract

Background: Dietary fat activates systemic innate immune responses, but the effect on airway responses is unknown.

Objective: To examine effects of a high-fat versus low-fat meal on systemic and airway inflammation in asthma.

Methods: Nonobese subjects with asthma were randomized to consume a high-fat (n = 19; 48% [49 g] fat) or low-fat (n = 18; 15% [3 g] fat) meal. Fourteen obese patients with asthma and 21 healthy controls also consumed a high-fat meal. Another group of patients with asthma consumed a high-trans (n = 5; 5.2 g trans fat) or nontrans (n = 5, <0.3 g trans fat) fatty acid meal. Lung function was measured at baseline (prebronchodilator) and 2, 3, and 4 hours after bronchodilator. Airway inflammation was assessed by using induced sputum cell counts and Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Systemic inflammation was measured by ELISA quantification of plasma TNF-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and IL-6 concentrations.

Results: In patients with asthma, at 4 hours postmeal, increases in sputum % neutrophils and Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA expression were higher and increases in FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) were lower in the high-fat versus low-fat groups. Changes in plasma fatty acids correlated with changes in sputum % neutrophils and were negatively associated with changes in % FEV(1), % FVC, and FEV(1)/FVC. After the high-trans fatty acid meal, sputum % neutrophils were significantly higher than after the nontrans meal.

Conclusion: A high-fat meal augments neutrophilic airway inflammation, with the effect dependent on the type of fat consumed. A high-fat meal also suppresses bronchodilator recovery in asthma. Modifying dietary fat intake may be useful in asthma.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Asthma / immunology*
  • Asthma / physiopathology*
  • Bronchi / drug effects
  • Bronchi / immunology
  • Bronchi / physiopathology
  • Bronchodilator Agents / pharmacology*
  • Dietary Fats / administration & dosage*
  • Dietary Fats / immunology
  • Dietary Fats / pharmacology
  • Fatty Acids / blood
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate / drug effects*
  • Inflammation / immunology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neutrophils / immunology
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / immunology
  • Respiratory System / drug effects*
  • Respiratory System / immunology
  • Respiratory System / physiopathology
  • Sputum / immunology
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Bronchodilator Agents
  • Dietary Fats
  • Fatty Acids