This study investigated syntax-semantics interactions during spoken sentence comprehension. We showed that expectations of phrase-structure incongruencies, which were induced by the experimental instructions, although not actually present in the sentences, were able to block the process of semantic integration. Although this process is usually associated with an N400 event-related brain potential component, here we found a P600, that is, an event-related brain potential component that is thought to reflect syntactic revision. This finding lends support to neurophysiological models of sentence interpretation, which postulates that the lexical-semantic integration of a given word can take place only when syntactic analysis has been successfully completed.