1. The effects of polymorphisms of the visfatin gene on growth performance, carcase traits, meat quality and serum variables were investigated in an F(2) resource population of Gushi chickens crossed with Anka broilers. 2. A 9-bp ('TAACCTGTG') insertion/deletion in intron10 of the visfatin gene was found and a total of 964 individuals were genotyped in the resource population. Genotypes (II, ID and DD) were identified based on the 9-bp insertion (allele I) or deletion (allele D). The insertion/deletion polymorphism was used for analysing associations of the gene with growth traits, carcase traits and meat quality traits in 414 F(2) chickens. 3. The DD genotype was not detected in those 66 F(1) chickens and the I allelic frequency (0·724-0·879) was obviously higher than the D allelic frequency (0·121-0·276) in the birds of three generations. 4. The 9-bp insertion/deletion was associated with the traits of 8-week shank length, 12-week shank length, 4-week pectoral angle and pancreas weight. The relationships with other traits: body weight, carcase traits, meat quality traits and serum variables, were not significant. 5. It was concluded that allele D (9-bp deletion) of the visfatin gene had a negative effect on skeletal growth.