Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1990 Mar;11(3):122-6.

Somnogenic activity of immune response modifiers.

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Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Memphis 38163.

Abstract

Sleepiness is a presenting symptom in nearly all infectious diseases. James Krueger describes how microbial products, such as muramyl peptides, lipid A and double-stranded RNA, as well as endogenous products elicited by these substances, such as interleukin 1, modulate sleep. The altered sleep during infection seems to result from an exaggerated activation of physiological sleep mechanisms, since normal sleep is controlled by a wide range of substances including many of these immune response modifiers.

PMID:: 2104463; [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Immunologic Factors

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Review Microbial products and cytokines in sleep and fever regulation. [Crit Rev Immunol. 1994]
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Krueger JM, Majde JA. Crit Rev Immunol. 1994; 14(3-4):355-79.
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Shoham S, Davenne D, Cady AB, Dinarello CA, Krueger JM. Am J Physiol. 1987 Jul; 253(1 Pt 2):R142-9.
Macrophages produce somnogenic and pyrogenic muramyl peptides during digestion of staphylococci. [Am J Physiol. 1991]
Macrophages produce somnogenic and pyrogenic muramyl peptides during digestion of staphylococci.
Johannsen L, Wecke J, Obál F Jr, Krueger JM. Am J Physiol. 1991 Jan; 260(1 Pt 2):R126-33.

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Cited by 4 PubMed Central articles

Interleukin-1 is linked to the respiratory epithelial cytopathology of pertussis. [Infect Immun. 1993]
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Leukocytosis and natural killer cell function parallel neurobehavioral fatigue induced by 64 hours of sleep deprivation.
Dinges DF, Douglas SD, Zaugg L, Campbell DE, McMann JM, Whitehouse WG, Orne EC, Kapoor SC, Icaza E, Orne MT. J Clin Invest. 1994 May; 93(5):1930-9.
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