Anaemia belongs to the most frequent, mutlifactorial complications after kidney transplantation. Blood loss during surgery, iron deficiency, inflammation, bone marrow suppression by immunosuppressants and antiviral medication, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme and/or angiotensin receptor blockers, hyperparathyroidism, allograft dysfunction and at last viral infections participate in the development of posttransplant anaemia. Persistent aplastic anaemia after kidney transplantation could be caused by parvovirus 819 infection.