On the left, we show a schematic diagram of the human brain indicating the approximate location of several brain areas discussed in the text. On the right, we provide a schematic description of some of the main pathways involved in processing visual information in cortex. VP, ventral stream; DP, dorsal stream; RGC, retinal ganglion cells; CIT, central ITC; AIT, anterior ITC; MST, medial superior temporal cortex; POR, post-rolandic area; PR, pre-rolandic area. Solid lines indicate forward projections; dashed lines indicate back-projections; and the curved lines represent recurrent connections within a given area. As emphasized in the text, this diagram is a substantial simplification of the actual connectivity in the primate visual system. Many important visual areas and connections are not represented in this diagram; for more details, see ref. 1.