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    Nat Neurosci. 2010 Sep;13(9):1107-12. Epub 2010 Aug 15.

    Rod photoreceptors drive circadian photoentrainment across a wide range of light intensities.

    Altimus CM, Güler AD, Alam NM, Arman AC, Prusky GT, Sampath AP, Hattar S.

    Source

    Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

    Abstract

    In mammals, synchronization of the circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamus is achieved through direct input from the eyes conveyed by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Circadian photoentrainment can be maintained by rod and cone photoreceptors, but their functional contributions and their retinal circuits that impinge on ipRGCs are not well understood. Using mice that lack functional rods or in which rods are the only functional photoreceptors, we found that rods were solely responsible for photoentrainment at scotopic light intensities. Rods were also capable of driving circadian photoentrainment at photopic intensities at which they were incapable of supporting a visually guided behavior. Using mice in which cone photoreceptors were ablated, we found that rods signal through cones at high light intensities, but not at low light intensities. Thus, rods use two distinct retinal circuits to drive ipRGC function to support circadian photoentrainment across a wide range of light intensities.

    PMID:
    20711184
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    PMCID:
    PMC2928860
    Free PMC Article

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