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    Mol Cell Neurosci. 2010 Dec;45(4):449-55. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.08.004. Epub 2010 Aug 12.

    Identification of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 as a novel cellular target of lithium and glycogen synthase kinase-3.

    Karyo R, Eskira Y, Pinhasov A, Belmaker R, Agam G, Eldar-Finkelman H.

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    Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

    Abstract

    Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is thought to be a major consequence of the biological and clinical activity of the mood stabilizer lithium, however, lithium and GSK-3 may activate distinct cellular pathways. We employed a proteomic method to uncover new downstream targets of lithium, and then examined how these proteins are related to GSK-3. Proteomic analysis identified eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF-2) as a cellular target of lithium. This was verified in SH-SY5Y cells and animal models. In cells, lithium decreased eEF-2 phosphorylation at its key inhibitory site, threonine 56, and blocked the enhancement of eEF-2 phosphorylation normally coupled with stress conditions such as nutrient and serum deprivation. Unexpectedly, inhibition of GSK-3 enhanced eEF-2 phosphorylation, and overexpression of GSK-3α or GSK-3β resulted in a strong reduction in eEF-2 phosphorylation. Chronic administration of lithium reduced the hippocampal fraction of phospho-eEF-2 (phospho-eEF-2/total eEF-2) twofold in two different mouse strains. In summary, unexpectedly eEF-2 is activated by both lithium and GSK-3, whereas, lithium treatment and inhibition of GSK-3 have opposing effects on eEF-2.

    Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    PMID:
    20708687
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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