Arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with periosteum-enveloping hamstring tendon graft: clinical outcome at 2 to 7 years

Arthroscopy. 2010 Jul;26(7):907-17. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.11.011. Epub 2010 Mar 31.

Abstract

Purpose: In this case-series outcome study, we present our surgical technique for single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with periosteum-enveloping hamstring tendon graft at a minimum of 2 years' follow-up.

Methods: From 2000 to 2005, ACL reconstruction with a periosteum-enveloping hamstring tendon graft was performed in 368 patients (372 knees). Of those patients, 312 who completed at least 2 years of follow-up were included for analysis. Four-strand periosteum-enveloping hamstring tendon grafts were used for single-bundle reconstruction. Clinical assessments included the Lysholm knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee score, KT-1000 instrumented testing (MEDmetric, San Diego, CA), thigh muscle assessment, and radiographic evaluation. Radiographs were used to assess femoral and tibial tunnel widening.

Results: The 312 study patients were followed up for a mean of 4.6 years (range, 2 to 7 years). The median Lysholm knee scores were 56 points (range, 40 to 70 points) and 95 points (range, 60 to 100 points) before and after surgery, respectively. After reconstruction, 85% of patients could return to moderate or strenuous activity, 5.1% exhibited grade 2 or higher ligament laxity with the anterior drawer test, and 6.1% had a positive pivot shift. Complete range of motion was achieved in 88% of patients. On the basis of International Knee Documentation Committee assessment, 93% of patients had a normal or nearly normal rating.

Conclusions: Satisfactory results can be achieved with the periosteum-enveloping hamstring tendon graft in single-bundle ACL reconstruction with minimal tunnel widening. Bone tunnel enlargement of more than 1 mm was identified in 5.4% of femoral tunnels and 6.1% of tibial tunnels, which was less than in other studies using comparable fixation.

Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament / surgery*
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
  • Arthrography
  • Arthroscopy* / adverse effects
  • Atrophy
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Joint Instability / etiology
  • Joint Instability / physiopathology
  • Knee Joint / diagnostic imaging
  • Knee Joint / pathology
  • Knee Joint / physiopathology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Motor Activity
  • Muscle Strength
  • Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
  • Muscle, Skeletal / transplantation*
  • Pain / physiopathology
  • Periosteum / transplantation*
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures / adverse effects
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures / methods*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Rupture / complications
  • Rupture / diagnosis
  • Rupture / physiopathology
  • Surgical Flaps*
  • Tendons / transplantation*
  • Thigh
  • Transplantation, Autologous
  • Young Adult