Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Aug;31(8):1452-62, 1462.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.011.
Reduced sample sizes for atrophy outcomes in Alzheimer's disease trials: baseline adjustment.
Weiner M, Aisen P, Weiner M, Aisen P, Petersen R, Jack CR Jr, Jagust W, Trojanowki J, Toga AW, Beckett L, Green RC, Gamst A, Saykin AJ, Morris J, Potter WZ, Green RC, Montine T, Petersen R, Aisen P, Gamst A, Thomas RG, Donohue M, Walter S, Jack CR Jr, Dale A, Bernstein M, Felmlee J, Fox N, Thompson P, Schuff N, Alexander G, DeCarli C, Jagust W, Bandy D, Koeppe RA, Foster N, Reiman EM, Chen K, Mathis C, Morris J, Cairns NJ, Taylor-Reinwald L, Trojanowki J, Shaw L, Lee VM, Korecka M, Toga AW, Crawford K, Neu S, Beckett L, Harvey D, Gamst A, Kornak J, Saykin AJ, Foroud TM, Potkin S, Shen L, Kachaturian Z, Frank R, Snyder PJ, Molchan S, Kaye J, Dolen S, Quinn J, Schneider L, Pawluczyk S, Spann BM, Brewer J, Vanderswag H, Heidebrink JL, Lord JL, Petersen R, Johnson K, Doody RS, Villanueva-Meyer J, Chowdhury M, Stern Y, Honig LS, Bell KL, Morris JC, Mintun MA, Schneider S, Marson D, Griffith R, Clark D, Grossman H, Tang C, Marzloff G, deToledo-Morrell L, Shah RC, Duara R, Varon D, Roberts P, Albert MS, Kozauer N, Zerrate M, Rusinek H, de Leon MJ, De Santi SM, Doraiswamy PM, Petrella JR, Aiello M, Arnold S, Karlawish JH, Wolk D, Smith CD, Given CA 2nd, Hardy P, Lopez OL, Oakley M, Simpson DM, Ismail MS, Brand C, Richard J, Mulnard RA, Thai G, Mc-Adams-Ortiz C, Diaz-Arrastia R, Martin-Cook K, DeVous M, Levey AI, Lah JJ, Cellar JS, Burns JM, Anderson HS, Laubinger MM, Apostolova L, Silverman DH, Lu PH, Graff-Radford NR, Parfitt F, Johnson H, Farlow M, Herring S, Hake AM, van Dyck CH, MacAvoy MG, Benincasa AL, Chertkow H, Bergman H, Hosein C, Black S, Stefanovic B, Caldwell C, Hsiung GY, Feldman H, Assaly M, Kertesz A, Rogers J, Trost D, Bernick C, Munic D, Wu CK, Johnson N, Mesulam M, Sadowsky C, Martinez W, Villena T, Turner RS, Johnson K, Reynolds B, Sperling RA, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Rosen A, Tinklenberg J, Ashford W, Sabbagh M, Connor D, Jacobson S, Killiany R, Norbash A, Nair A, Obisesan TO, Jayam-Trouth A, Wang P, Lerner A, Hudson L, Ogrocki P, DeCarli C, Fletcher E, Carmichael O, Kittur S, Borrie M, Lee TY, Bartha R, Johnson S, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Potkin SG, Preda A, Nguyen D, Tariot P, Fleisher A, Reeder S, Bates V, Capote H, Rainka M, Hendin BA, Scharre DW, Kataki M, Zimmerman EA, Celmins D, Brown AD, Pearlson G, Blank K, Anderson K, Saykin AJ, Santulli RB, Englert J, Williamson JD, Sink KM, Watkins F, Ott BR, Stopa E, Tremont G, Salloway S, Malloy P, Correia S, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Mintzer J, Longmire CF, Spicer K.
Source
Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK. jschott@dementia.ion.ucl.ac.uk
Abstract
Cerebral atrophy rate is increasingly used as an outcome measure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials. We used the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset to assess if adjusting for baseline characteristics can reduce sample sizes. Controls (n = 199), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 334) and AD (n = 144) had two MRI scans, 1-year apart; approximately 55% had baseline CSF tau, p-tau, and Abeta1-42. Whole brain (KN-BSI) and hippocampal (HMAPS-HBSI) atrophy rate, and ventricular expansion (VBSI) were calculated for each group; numbers required to power a placebo-controlled trial were estimated. Sample sizes per arm (80% power, 25% absolute rate reduction) for AD were (95% CI): brain atrophy = 81 (64,109), hippocampal atrophy = 88 (68,119), ventricular expansion = 118 (92,157); and for MCI: brain atrophy = 149 (122,188), hippocampal atrophy = 201 (160,262), ventricular expansion = 234 (191,295). To detect a 25% reduction relative to normal aging required increased sample sizes approximately 3-fold (AD), and approximately 5-fold (MCI). Disease severity and Abeta1-42 contributed significantly to atrophy rate variability. Adjusting for 11 predefined covariates reduced sample sizes by up to 30%. Treatment trials in AD should consider the effects of normal aging; adjusting for baseline characteristics can significantly reduce required sample sizes.
2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- PMID:
- 20620665
- [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- PMCID:
- PMC2947486
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