Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is an essential mitotic serine/threonine kinase and its abnormal expression is observed in many malignancies, yet the exact role for AURKA in tumorigenesis still remains elusive. Here, through a transcription factor array, we show that the transcription activity of E2F1 was increased by AURKA overexpression. Meanwhile, the E2F1 protein level was found to be upregulated and a correlation between AURKA and E2F1 expression was observed in cancer specimens. Further analysis revealed that AURKA increased E2F1 protein stability by inhibiting proteasome-dependent degradation of this protein. Additionally, a microRNA cluster, miR-17-92, was found to be upregulated upon AURKA overexpression, and this stimulation was largely repressed by E2F1 knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation further demonstrated that AURKA enhanced E2F1 occupancy to the promoter of the miR-17-92 cluster. These data reveal a novel link between AURKA and microRNAs via the regulation of E2F1, providing new clues for understanding the role of AURKA in tumorigenesis.