Incidence of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 3 or greater late bladder toxicity in relation to average dose (squares) or linear-quadratic model equivalent dose (triangles) in 2-Gy fractions (assuming α/β = 6 Gy) for studies treating whole bladder only (listed in Table 1 and reviewed by Marks, et al. [1]). Letter in each square denotes data source: publication specified in key as first author followed by superscript reference number. Note, Quilty and Duncan (20) had four dose groups. Number of patients italicized inside each square. No significant correlation was found between complication rate and either dose or equivalent dose. (Courtesy of E.D. Yorke.)