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Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biology, Ma Lin Building, Science Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Both selenium (Se) and Spirulina have been demonstrated to show anticancer potential. In the present study, we showed that Se-enriched Spirulina platensis extract (Se-SE) inhibited the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Se-SE-induced G1-phase arrest was associated with a decrease in expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, CDK4 and CKD6, and an increase in protein levels of p15 INK4B, p21 Waf1/Cip1 and p53. Induction of apoptosis by Se-SE was evidenced by accumulation of sub-G1 cell population, DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. This apoptotic process was accompanied by the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9 and PARP cleavage. Moreover, Se-SE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through up-regulation of Bax and Bad expression and down-regulation of Bcl-xl expression. Our results suggest the potential applications of Se-SE in chemoprevention of human breast cancer.
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