Abstract
Boron may be beneficial for bone growth and maintenance, central nervous system function, and the inflammatory response, and silicon may be beneficial for bone maintenance and wound healing. Fluoride is not an essential element but amounts provided by contamination may be beneficial for bone strength. Fluoride toxicity may be a concern in parenteral nutrition. Further studies are warranted to determine whether there are optimal amounts of boron and silicon that should be delivered to typical and special population patients receiving parenteral nutrition. In addition, further studies are needed to determine whether providing the dietary guideline of adequate intake amounts of fluoride parenterally would prevent or treat parenteral nutrition osteopenia.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Boron / administration & dosage*
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Boron / deficiency
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Boron / metabolism
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Boron / toxicity
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Deficiency Diseases / diagnosis
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Drug Administration Schedule
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Fluorides / administration & dosage*
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Fluorides / metabolism
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Fluorides / toxicity
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Humans
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Micronutrients / administration & dosage*
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Micronutrients / deficiency
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Micronutrients / metabolism
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Micronutrients / toxicity
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Parenteral Nutrition*
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Practice Guidelines as Topic
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Silicon / administration & dosage*
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Silicon / deficiency
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Silicon / metabolism
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Silicon / toxicity
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Trace Elements / administration & dosage*
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Trace Elements / deficiency
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Trace Elements / metabolism
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Trace Elements / toxicity
Substances
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Micronutrients
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Trace Elements
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Boron
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Fluorides
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Silicon