We previously demonstrated that IL-7 is essential for the persistence of T-cell-mediated colitis, by showing that adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells into IL-7(-/-) x RAG-1(-/-) mice did not induce colitis; and that intestinal IL-7 is not essential for this colitis model, by showing that IL-7(-/-) x RAG-1(-/-) mice parabiosed with colitic CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T-cell-transferred RAG-1(-/-) mice developed colitis. Here, we investigated the role of IL-7 in the maintenance of colitogenic CD4(+) T cells by surgically separating these parabionts. Surprisingly, the separated IL-7(-/-) x RAG-1(-/-) mice were consistently diseased after separation, although no IL-7 mRNA was detected in the tissues of separated IL-7(-/-) x RAG-1(-/-) partners. CD4(+) T cells isolated from the separated RAG-1(-/-) or IL-7(-/-) x RAG-1(-/-) mice were then transferred into new RAG-1(-/-) or IL-7(-/-) x RAG-1(-/-) mice. Regardless of the source of donor cells, RAG-1(-/-) recipients developed colitis, whereas IL-7(-/-) x RAG-1(-/-) recipients did not. Collectively, these results demonstrate that IL-7 is essential for lymphopenia-driven turnover of colitogenic CD4(+) T cells rather than the maintenance of those cells in established colitic mice. They also provide a basis for the timing of IL-7/IL-7R blockade for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.