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    J Neurochem. 2009 Aug;110(4):1254-62. Epub 2009 Jun 15.

    Bioactive TGF-beta can associate with lipoproteins and is enriched in those containing apolipoprotein E3.

    Tesseur I, Zhang H, Brecht W, Corn J, Gong JS, Yanagisawa K, Michikawa M, Weisgraber K, Huang Y, Wyss-Coray T.

    Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

    Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) has central functions in development, tissue maintenance, and repair and has been implicated in major diseases. We discovered that TGF-beta1 contains several amphipathic helices and hydrophobic domains similar to apolipoprotein E (apoE), a protein involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Indeed, TGF-beta1 associates with lipoproteins isolated from human plasma, cultured liver cells, or astrocytes, and its bioactivity was highest in high-density lipoprotein preparations. Importantly, lipoproteins containing the apoE3 isoform had higher TGF-beta levels and bioactivity than those containing apoE4, a major genetic risk factor for atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Because TGF-beta1 can be protective in these diseases an association with apoE3 may be beneficial. Association of TGF-beta with different types of lipoproteins may facilitate its diffusion, regulate signaling, and offer additional specificity for this important growth factor.

    PMID: 19549280 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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