Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 1;49(1):124-31.

Moraxella catarrhalis, a human respiratory tract pathogen.

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Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, USA. murphyt@buffalo.edu

Abstract

Moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen and is a common cause of otitis media in infants and children, causing 15%-20% of acute otitis media episodes. M. catarrhalis causes an estimated 2-4 million exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults annually in the United States. M. catarrhalis resembles commensal Neisseria species in culture and, thus, may be overlooked in samples from the human respiratory tract. The prevalence of colonization of the upper respiratory tract is high in infants and children but decreases substantially in adulthood. Most strains produce beta-lactamase and are thus resistant to ampicillin but susceptible to several classes of oral antimicrobial agents. Recent work has elucidated mechanisms of pathogenesis and focused on vaccine development to prevent otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections caused by M. catarrhalis in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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[Moraxella catarrhalis in chronic and relapsing respiratory tract infections in children]. [Antibiot Khimioter. 2004]
[Moraxella catarrhalis in chronic and relapsing respiratory tract infections in children].
Volkov IK, Katosova LK, Shcherbakova NIu, Kliukina LP. Antibiot Khimioter. 2004; 49(8-9):43-7.
Review Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis--clinical and molecular aspects of a rediscovered pathogen. [J Med Microbiol. 1997]
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[Molecular characterization of BRO beta-lactamases of Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated from carrier children]. [Mikrobiyol Bul. 2004]
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Cited by 12 PubMed Central articles

Intranasal immunization of the combined lipooligosaccharide conjugates protects mice from the challenges with three serotypes of Moraxella catarrhalis. [PLoS One. 2011]
Intranasal immunization of the combined lipooligosaccharide conjugates protects mice from the challenges with three serotypes of Moraxella catarrhalis.
Ren D, Xie H, Zhang W, Hassan F, Petralia RS, Yu S, Lim DJ, Gu XX. PLoS One. 2011; 6(12):e29553. Epub 2011 Dec 22.
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of commonly prescribed oral antibiotics against respiratory bacterial pathogens. [BMC Infect Dis. 2011]
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of commonly prescribed oral antibiotics against respiratory bacterial pathogens.
Kiffer CR, Pignatari AC. BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Oct 25; 11:286. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization and gene polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in infants. [PLoS One. 2011]
Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization and gene polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in infants.
Vuononvirta J, Toivonen L, Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela K, Barkoff AM, Lindholm L, Mertsola J, Peltola V, He Q. PLoS One. 2011; 6(10):e26198. Epub 2011 Oct 13.

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