Final output of iSARST. (a) Hit list. This list can be re-ordered according to various indexes and protein functions by clicking column titles. Functions of the top 5 hits are summarized and highlighted in red. Any protein listed here can be re-submitted to perform a new round of search simply by clicking the searching icon. Several filtering and operational parameters are adjustable in this page. (b) Structure inspection tools and a circularly permuted structural alignment. PDB entries 1dglA (the fifth letter is the chain ID) and 1gv9A are lectins from Dioclea grandiflora (40) and protein ERGIC-53 from Rattus norvegicus (41), respectively; they are carbohydrate binding proteins, a large family in which many CP cases have been identified. The natural CP relation between these two proteins can be detected by iSARST, even if their sequence identity is merely ∼10%. Aligned residue pairs are listed in the right frame. The original structure-based sequence alignment made by the refinement engine, e.g. TM align (29) in this case, and the alignment improved by SE (30) are shown in the lower region. The circularized sequence alignment graph in the center is useful to identify CP. In this example, these proteins can be well aligned only when the 127 amino terminal residues of 1DGL are permuted to its carboxyl terminus. The dot matrix plot is drawn in a way that the darkness of a residue pair is in proportion to its score defined in BLOSUM62 (36). In addition, residues aligned by the refinement engine are colored green. When there is a CP relationship, two parallel green lines can be observed. (c) Results of a co-linear structural alignment. To confirm the existence of a CP, one can compare the results made by co-linear and circularly permuted alignments. As shown in this case, these two circular permutants can only be partially aligned in the co-linear mode. The alignment size is much smaller than that in (b). Besides, there are more unaligned buds in the circularized graph and only one green line can be seen in the dot matrix plot.

Flowchart of iSARST. The query structure is first transformed into a structurally meaningful Ramachandran string and then used to screen target database by SARST or CPSARST. In refinement stage, the raw hit list is re-ordered according to the structural similarity scores calculated by accurate structure comparison method like FAST (28), TM-align (29) or SAMO (27). Final outputs of iSARST are tables listing co-linear homologs or circular permutants of the query protein. Structure superimpositions and related inspection tools are provided, too.