a) Taxonomy of power conversion for 6 µm long stereocilia showing peak efficiency of conversion at a specific best frequency (*). Input electrical MET power is lost to conductance of the soma and lost due to intrinsic mechanical properties of the stereocilia, including axial stiffness at low frequencies and entrained mass at high frequencies. Efficiency is further limited at high frequencies primarily by transverse viscous drag (light blue hatch). b) Peak conversion efficiency is tuned, with the optimum frequency (

, *) increasing as the stereocilia becomes shorter (3 lengths shown). Efficiencies are predicted to be higher for axial motion (dashed curves,

, **) vs. transverse motion (solid curves, *). c) Power output is also predicted to be tuned with peak power occurring at a specific frequency (solid curves,

, ***). Tuning is reduced if axial length changes are not coupled to cause transverse bundle motion (dashed curves).