Pay-for-performance has become increasingly common to complement physician reimbursement. We designed a quality framework to measure family physicians' performance in a managed care setting in Buenos Aires. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention based on pay-for-performance, teamwork, continuous education, and audit and feedback to improve quality. After 2 years, a significant improvement was observed in most of the indicators measuring clinical effectiveness and some improvements were observed in other domains. Despite these results, a better performance matrix is needed to capture not only specific conditions but also other aspects like integrating, prioritizing, and personalizing care.