The issue of central vascular catheter-related bloodstream infections is prominent in medical literature and practice today, both in the United States and throughout the international healthcare community. In its 2002 report on Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 250,000 cases of central vascular catheter-related infections occur annually. This article is a review of current literature pertaining to catheter-related bloodstream infections. Included are resources from 2004 onward, as well as resources such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse.