By combining diffuse optical imaging (DOI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) we investigate neurovascular coupling non-invasively in human subjects using median-nerve stimulation. Previous fMRI studies have shown a habituation effect in the hemodynamic blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response for stimulation periods longer than 2 s. With DOI and MEG we can test whether this effect in hemodynamic response can be accounted for by a habituation effect in the neural response. Our experimental results show that the habituation effect in the hemodynamic response is stronger than that in the earliest cortical neural response (N20). Using a linear convolution model to predict hemodynamic responses we found that including late neural components (> or = 30 ms) improves the prediction of the hemoglobin response. This finding suggests that in addition to the initial evoked-response deflections related to the talamic afferent input, later cortical activity is needed to predict the hemodynamic response.