Sepsis is an important clinical problem with a mortality rate of 20% to 30%. Lymphocyte apoptosis has been recognized as an important step in the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis, by inducing a state of 'immune paralysis' that renders the host vulnerable to invading pathogens. The importance of lymphocyte apoptosis in human disease is now confirmed by Weber and colleagues, who demonstrate extensive apoptosis in circulating lymphocytes from patients with severe sepsis. Weber and colleagues' data set the basis for further studies aimed at modulating lymphocyte apoptosis in sepsis.