Phytocannabinoids and analogs. THC and CBD are the principle examples of the 80 odd cannabinoids identified in Cannabis. Nabilone (Cesamet®) and ajulemic acid (AJA, CT-3, or IP-751) are synthetic analogs of THC that have shown therapeutic effects in humans

Chemical structures of endogenous compounds. Anandamide and 2-AG are the two most studied endocannabinoids and each binds to and activates the cannabinoid receptors. N-Arachidonyl glycine is the best-studied member of the elmiric acid family of lipoamino acids and does not bind to CB1. Using a proposed nomenclature system (vide infra), it would be called EMA-1 (20:4)

The in vivo effect of EMA-1(20:4) on cell migration (a) vs. 15d-PGJ₂ production by mouse peritoneal macrophages (b). CD-1 male mice 18–20 g body weight were administered the above indicated treatments p.o. and after 30 min, injected i.p. with 1 ml 8% BBL Fluid Thioglycollate Medium. a Cells were harvested by peritoneal lavage after 3 h, exposed to lysing buffer for 2 min to remove erythrocytes, resuspended in phosphate buffered saline/bovine serum albumin and an aliquot subjected to the cell TiterGlo assay with four replicates for each sample. b The remaining cells were suspended in 1 ml minimum essential medium and plated onto 32 wells of a 48-well dish (eight wells/group). The plates were incubated for 18 h, the media harvested, centrifuged, and assayed for 15d-PGJ₂ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Assay Designs). Numbers of adherent cells were obtained using the TiterGlo assay that measures ATP levels. The values shown are the prostaglandin concentrations (pg/ml) divided by number of adherent cells

Inhibition of proliferation of human breast cancer cells (HTB-126) vs. normal (HTB-125) cells. HTB-126™ (Hs 578T) cell strain was derived from a carcinoma of the breast. It was originated by Vuong et al. (112) along with the Hs 578Bst (HTB-125™), which is a normal fibroblast-like line from the same patient. The donor was a 74-year-old female Caucasian. Hs 578Bst was derived from normal breast tissue peripheral to an infiltrating ductal carcinoma that was the source for HTB-126. The cell proliferation assay, which measures ATP levels, was performed at 48 h following drug treatment and the values are expressed as a percentage of the vehicle-treated wells

Structures of noncannabinoid plant constituents