OBJECTIVE: To quantify the incremental survival benefit of the pancreas allograft in simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant recipients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from the national transplant database from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed. SPK recipients who had functioning allografts to 1-year post transplant (n = 3,304) were compared with those who had failure of the renal (n = 233) or pancreatic (n = 112) graft. The main outcome was a projection of 10 life-years of patient survival beyond the first transplant anniversary. RESULTS: Recipients with function of both organs accrued 9.4 life-years following transplantation. Projected survival in patients with kidney failure was reduced to 2.5 life-years. Pancreas failure reduced predicted survival to 8 life-years. Renal allograft failure impacts life expectancy significantly (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 12.13). However, pancreas allograft failure was also associated with reduced survival (aHR 2.62). CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of the survival benefit of SPK transplant is due to the renal transplant, pancreas allograft function does contribute to patient survival.