Hexachlorophene suppresses beta-catenin expression by up-regulation of Siah-1 in EBV-infected B lymphoma cells

Cancer Lett. 2009 Apr 18;276(2):136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.10.041. Epub 2008 Dec 16.

Abstract

Many studies have shown that the activation of beta-catenin signaling can promote oncogenesis, and it is therefore of interest to find agents that modulate this pathway. Recent work has shown using B lymphoma cells that infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and expression of its latent membrane protein (LMP)-1, cause increases in the expression of beta-catenin and cellular transformation. Conversely, results from cell-based small molecule screening studies have shown that the antibiotic hexachlorophene can down-regulate beta-catenin in colon cancer cells. Here we report that hexachlorophene also counteracts the elevated beta-catenin levels in EBV-infected B lymphomas. This is associated with restoration in levels of Siah-1 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is active in beta-catenin regulation) which had been diminished by LMP-1. Our results suggest that Siah-1 is targeted by both LMP-1 and hexachlorophene with opposite effects. The hexachlorophene modulation of Siah-1 and beta-catenin is independent of p53 and results in reduced expression of cyclin-D1 and c-Myc (target genes of beta-catenin), leading to the growth arrest of B lymphoma cells. From these results we propose that hexachlorophene may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for EBV-infected B lymphoma cells by reducing beta-catenin levels via the restoration of Siah-1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Herpesvirus 4, Human / physiology*
  • Hexachlorophene / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell / drug therapy*
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell / pathology
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell / virology
  • Nuclear Proteins / biosynthesis*
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / physiology
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / physiology
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / biosynthesis*
  • Up-Regulation
  • Viral Matrix Proteins / physiology
  • beta Catenin / metabolism*

Substances

  • EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • Viral Matrix Proteins
  • beta Catenin
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
  • seven in absentia proteins
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
  • Hexachlorophene