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    Diabetes Care. 2009 Mar;32(3):421-3. Epub 2008 Dec 10.

    Elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist precede the onset of type 2 diabetes: the Whitehall II study.

    Herder C, Brunner EJ, Rathmann W, Strassburger K, Tabák AG, Schloot NC, Witte DR.

    Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany. christian.herder@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de

    OBJECTIVE: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of interleukin-1 beta, has been shown to improve beta-cell function and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline systemic levels of IL-1Ra are associated with incident type 2 diabetes during more than 10 years of follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured serum IL-1Ra concentrations in a nested case-control study (181 case and 376 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched normoglycemic control subjects) within the Whitehall II cohort (U.K.). RESULTS: IL-1Ra concentrations were higher in case subjects (P = 0.0006) and associated with incident type 2 diabetes (odds ratio for a 1-SD increase of IL-1Ra 1.48 [95% CI 1.21-1.80]). This association remained significant after adjustment for multiple potential confounders but was attenuated by adjusting for 2-h glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that individuals who will develop type 2 diabetes are characterized by a complex immune activation that also includes upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra.

    PMID: 19073760 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

    PMCID: 2646020

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