World J Surg. 2009 Apr;33(4):653-60.

Current understanding and potential immunotherapy for HIV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA).

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Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail stop: BCM390, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare disease in the average population but is an increasing concern among immunocompromised individuals, such as the HIV-seropositive. Coinfection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in this population is common. HPV infection is difficult to clear with a compromised immune system, which results in a greater risk of tumor development and a more aggressive progression of the disease. The recent approval of a prophylactic HPV vaccine for cervical cancer has sparked an interest in a search for improved immunotherapeutic multimodality therapies to combat anogenital tumors associated with the virus. In this review, we discuss the known mechanisms of action of HIV-associated SCCA, examine the current treatments for the disease, and focus on the potential of an immunotherapeutic vaccine approach for both prophylactic and therapeutic application.

PMID:: 19052810; [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PMCID:: PMC2924142

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