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    Nat Immunol. 2009 Jan;10(1):83-91. Epub 2008 Nov 23.

    RORgammat and commensal microflora are required for the differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22-producing NKp46+ cells.

    Sanos SL, Bui VL, Mortha A, Oberle K, Heners C, Johner C, Diefenbach A.

    Source

    Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

    Abstract

    The mucosal immune system of the intestine is separated from a vast array of microbes by a single layer of epithelial cells. Cues from the commensal microflora are needed to maintain epithelial homeostasis, but the molecular and cellular identities of these cues are unclear. Here we provide evidence that signals from the commensal microflora contribute to the differentiation of a lymphocyte population coexpressing stimulatory natural killer cell receptors and the transcription factor RORgammat that produced interleukin 22 (IL-22). The emergence of these IL-22-producing RORgammathiNKp46+NK1.1(int) cells depended on RORgammat expression, which indicated that these cells may have been derived from lymphoid tissue-inducer cells. IL-22 released by these cells promoted the production of antimicrobial molecules important in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis.

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    PMID:
    19029903
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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