The Frontal Systems Behavioral Scale (FrSBe), developed for neurological populations, includes current plus retrospective ratings of behaviors pre-illness. The Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Long Form (CAARS-L) and has been a primary outcome measure in trials of atomoxetine for adult ADHD.27 The primary self-rated outcome measures, the FrSBE Executive Dysfunction and CAARS-L Inattention/Memory subscales, measure frequency of behaviors such as task incompletion, disorganization, distractibility, and difficulty planning, multi-tasking, and initiating tasks. A. Change in Self- and Informant-rated FrSBE scores based on behaviors endorsed retrospectively as present before onset of PD compared to behaviors endorsed at screening evaluation. Individual T-scores are based on ratings in a normative sample in which the distribution of T-scores has a mean of 50 and a SD of 10. Group mean (SD) T-scores are presented to allow comparability across gender, age range, and education level within the sample; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. For all FrSBe scales, T scores ≥ 65 are considered clinically significant and scores of 60 to 64 represent likely borderline impairment.
B. Frontal Systems Behavioral Scale (FrSBe) Subscale and Total scores and Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales Long Form (CAARS-L) Subscales and Total Scores at baseline and final visits. CAARS-L scores are also depicted as group Mean (SD) T scores, derived from comparison to CAARS norms based on gender and age in a normative sample. Similar to the FrSBE, higher T scores are associated with greater symptom severity and T scores above 65 represent symptoms of clinical significance.