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    World J Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Nov 13:1-11. [Epub ahead of print]

    From psychosurgery to neuromodulation: Deep brain stimulation for intractable Tourette syndrome.

    Neuner I, Podoll K, Janouschek H, Michel TM, Sheldrick AJ, Schneider F.

    Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.

    Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. It is often associated with depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, self-injurious behaviour and attention deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD). In intractable patients, neuromodulation using deep brain stimulation (DBS) has widely replaced psychosurgery. Three different key structures are defined for DBS, the medial portion of the thalamus, the globus pallidus internus and the anterior limb of the internal capsule/nucleus accumbens. This is a comprehensive overview on the effect of DBS on motor and non-motor symptoms using different case series and two larger studies.

    PMID: 19005877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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