ABSTRACT: The availability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has positioned primary care physicians to play an active role in ensuring its successful implementation. However, physicians must be aware of common knowledge, attitudes, and belief barriers associated with HPV and the vaccine that are often encountered during clinical visits. This editorial provides primary care physicians an overview of these barriers and realistic recommendations utilizing the "5A's" - Awareness, Assess, Address, Acceptability, and Activate. This mnemonic can help facilitate a physician's systematic approach to increasing HPV vaccination rates during the clinical encounter.