Experimental design. (A) Experimental groups for the first part of the study included enriched CM with (1) no stimulation, (2) monophasic square pulses at 5 V/cm, 1 Hz, and duration of 2 ms, and (3) biphasic square pulses at 2.5V/cm, 1 Hz, and duration of 1 ms. (B) Experimental groups for the second part of the study included (1) enriched CM, (2) enriched CM with biphasic stimulation, (3) enriched CM seeded on precultured networks of FB, (4) enriched CM seeded on precultured networks of FB followed by biphasic stimulation, (5) enriched CM seeded on precultured networks of EC, (6) enriched CM seeded on precultured networks of EC followed by biphasic stimulation, (7) enriched CM seeded on precultured networks of FB and EC, and (8) enriched CM seeded on precultured networks of FB and EC followed by biphasic stimulation. (C) Experimental timeline for the stimulated preculture groups. CM, cardiomyocytes; FB, fibroblasts; EC, endothelial cells. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/tea