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1: Avian Pathol. 1988;17(3):667-78.Links

Biochemical and haematological values for mute swans (Cygnus olor): effects of acute lead poisoning.

O'halloran J, Duggan PF, Myers AA.

Department of Zoology, University College, Cork, Ireland.

Reference levels of some biochemical and haematological variables were determined for mute swans (Cygnus olor Gmelin). Immaturity was identified as a factor which broadened the references ranges. Blood variables of six acutely lead-poisoned swans were determined and compared with the reference distribution. Protoporphyrin IX, cholesterol and two serum enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate amino-transferase, were increased; concentrations of haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration indicated hypochromic anaemia in birds with acute lead poisoning. The interpretation and diagnostic value of reference values is discussed.

PMID: 18766723 [PubMed]