Early detection of prostate adenocarcinoma (prostate cancer) through screening tests such as a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and a digital rectal examination (DRE) enables primary care physicians and urologists to offer patients a broader choice of treatments that are also more likely to provide a cure. Whether men are being over treated or over diagnosed through the widespread use of screening tests remains controversial. This review aims to provide general practitioners with a better understanding of different prostate cancer tests that can be performed and to help them decide which patients should be referred to a urologist for an ultrasound-guided biopsy.