World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jul 21;14(27):4300-8.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis.

Gomaa AI, Khan SA, Toledano MB, Waked I, Taylor-Robinson SD.

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Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. Given that the burden of chronic liver disease is expected to rise owing to increasing rates of alcoholism, hepatitis B and C prevalence and obesity-related fatty liver disease, it is expected that the incidence of HCC will also increase in the foreseeable future. This article summarizes the international epidemiology, the risk factors and the pathogenesis of HCC, including the roles of viral hepatitis, toxins, such as alcohol and aflatoxin, and insulin resistance.

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