Source
Medical Faculty, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. elisabeth.kleppa@student.uib.no
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To examine whether long work hours are associated with increased levels and prevalences of anxiety and depression.
METHODS:
Overtime workers (n = 1350) were compared with a reference group of 9092 workers not working overtime regarding anxiety and depression by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Self-reported information on various work-related factors, demographics, lifestyle, and somatic health was included.
RESULTS:
Overtime workers of both genders had significantly higher anxiety and depression levels and higher prevalences of anxiety and depressive disorders compared with those working normal hours. Findings suggest a dose-response relationship between work hours and anxiety or depression.
CONCLUSIONS:
Working overtime is associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression. The working groups differed significantly regarding several factors including income and heavy manual labor.