Caspofungin and enhancement of inflammatory responses to hyphae. A-D, Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or CXCL2 by 1.5 × 105 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMϕs) incubated for 6 h with Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. A total of 5 × 104 conidia were grown in RP-10+ (see Materials and Methods for details) for 24 h at 37°C with 0-500 ng/mL caspofungin (A, B, D) or micafungin (C) before UV inactivation and the addition of BMMϕs. B and D, Cocultures contained 10 μg/mL anti-Dectin (+), 10 μg/mL isotype control antibody (-), or 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide, as indicated. E, TNF secretion by BMMϕs stimulated with UV-inactivated fungal cells grown for the indicated period in RP-10+ (empty circles) or in RP-10+ with 500 ng/mL caspofungin (filled circles). Coincubations were performed in the presence of anti-Dectin (red lines) or control isotype antibody (black lines), as described for panel B. A-E, Bar graphs denote the average TNF or CXCL2 concentration (+SD) in 3-6 wells per condition. One of either 8 (A) or 3 (B-E) representative experiments is shown. *P < .05, by 2-tailed t test, compared with control condition (i.e., no drug treatment).