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1: Semin Nephrol. 2008 Mar;28(2):192-9.Click here to read Links

Medical expulsive therapy.

Sterrett SP, Nakada SY.

Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Minimally invasive therapies for urolithiasis including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy are highly efficacious, yet expensive. Medical expulsive therapy offers a cost-effective, nonsurgical approach for appropriate patients with ureteral stones. The use of hormones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, and adrenergic alpha antagonists all have been proposed as a way to enhance stone passage. In view of the available clinical trials and meta-analysis, patients with distal ureteral stones measuring 1 cm who are candidates for observation deserve a trial of medical expulsive therapy. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, and adrenergic alpha antagonists have been proven to be clinically efficacious, safe, and well tolerated as medical expulsive agents.

PMID: 18359400 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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