BACKGROUND: Although there are increasing numbers of long-term survivors on dialysis, there is remarkably little information about their medical and social wellbeing. METHODS: A group of 46 current survivors of long-term dialysis at a single centre were identified and asked to complete a structured interview; selected routine blood tests were also reviewed. The group's background and renal replacement history are described, along with frequencies of various complications. RESULTS: Younger age and non-diabetic renal disease are associated with longer survival. Substantial morbidity accumulated over the time on dialysis, particularly vascular disease (57%) which was strongly linked to smoking history, as well as musculoskeletal complications (78%) and nutritional decline (80%). Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis developed in 4 patients, after between 9 and 13 years of peritoneal dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Despite accumulating morbidity, a surprisingly stable and socially well-adjusted group is revealed, with low rates of hospital admission in the majority. The pattern of complications may be influenced by modality choices. Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.