Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of T-cell activation, migration to inflammatory sites, and pathologic disease processes triggered the development of a wide variety of T-cell-targeted signaling inhibitors, which have different targets and modes of action. Depending on the distribution and the role of targets in disease processes, T-cell inhibitors exhibit different levels of efficacy and potential side effects. This review outlines target molecules to which T-cell inhibitors have been developed, their efficacy, and potential safety concerns of T-cell inhibitors.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Calcineurin / metabolism
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Calcineurin Inhibitors
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Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
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Humans
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Janus Kinase 3 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Janus Kinase 3 / metabolism
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Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects
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Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / antagonists & inhibitors
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Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / metabolism
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Lysophospholipids / antagonists & inhibitors
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Lysophospholipids / metabolism
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NFATC Transcription Factors / antagonists & inhibitors
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NFATC Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
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Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Sphingosine / analogs & derivatives
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Sphingosine / antagonists & inhibitors
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Sphingosine / metabolism
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / drug effects*
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism*
Substances
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Calcineurin Inhibitors
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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Lysophospholipids
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NFATC Transcription Factors
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Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
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sphingosine 1-phosphate
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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Janus Kinase 3
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Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)
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Calcineurin
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Sphingosine