This self-directed learning module reviews the current epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI), its pathophysiology, prognostication after injury, currently available innovative early approaches to diagnosis and treatment, and effective methods of prevention. It is intended to provide the rehabilitation clinician with current knowledge to accurately inform patients, families, significant others, referring physicians, and payers and to aid in clinical decision making while caring for patients after TBI. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVE: To describe current knowledge in traumatic brain injury epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognostication, acute treatment, and prevention.