This self-directed learning module describes recent developments in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation. In particular, it focuses on the implications of recent technological advances for evaluation, prognostication, and treatment. It is part of the chapter on TBI medicine in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article specifically focuses on neuroplasticity and its implications for rehabilitation interventions, the role of innovative neuroimaging modalities, improvements in our ability to prognosticate made possible by newer technologies, technologically based enhancement of motor rehabilitation, and the role of alternative and complementary medicine in TBI rehabilitation. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVE: To describe recent advances in our ability to evaluate, prognosticate, and treat traumatic brain injury.