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    Epidemiology. 2008 Jan;19(1):158-62.

    Seven deadly sins of environmental epidemiology and the virtues of precaution.

    Grandjean P.

    Source

    Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. pgrand@hsph.harvard.edu

    Abstract

    The potentials for error in planning, conducting, reporting, and utilizing epidemiologic results can be considered in terms of the traditional 7 deadly sins. To counter these sins, epidemiologic virtues should be inspired by the precautionary principle. The remedies emphasize acknowledgment and exploration of the impact of uncertainties, weight-of-the-evidence assessments that consider what could be known given the opportunities for research, and epidemiologic strategies that facilitate the use of tentative, though innovative, studies in decision-making.

    PMID:
    18091423
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    PMCID:
    PMC2639782
    Free PMC Article

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