Methods of cancer immunotherapy with dendritic cell-based vaccines, activated outside the organism, as well as techniques employing genetically modified whole-cell antitumoral vaccines, transfected by cytokine gens and stimulating the patient's dendritic cell stimulation in vivo, have been developed in Russian Oncological Research Center. Phase 1 clinical trials of dendritic cell vaccine in patients with disseminated melanoma and colon cancer have been carried out. The treatment is well-tolerated; significant adverse effects are absent. Moderate clinical efficacy and immune activation have been noted. Preclinical and phase 1 clinical studies of genetically modified vaccines also demonstrate the safety of this treatment and its ability to activate antitumoral immune response. Both vaccines are promising as subjects of rationally planned clinical trials of the efficacy of this treatment.