ScientificWorldJournal. 2007 Oct 22;7:1691-6.

The narghile (hookah, shisha, goza) epidemic and the need for clearing up confusion and solving problems related with model building of social situations.

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University of Paris, XI-XII. kamcha@gmail.com

Abstract

Many biomedical studies of the past seven years have failed in giving a sound picture of what hookah (shisha, narghile, goza) smoke and smoking are. The reasons are many: from the widespread use of a confusing neologism ("waterpipe") instead of the few clear and natural words used for centuries by indigenous and non-indigenous people in their real life, to the use of artificial smoking (machines) instead of relying on quantitative and qualitative analysis of toxicants directly performed on real hookah smokers.

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The narghile (hookah, shisha, goza) epidemic and the need for clearing up confusion and solving problems related with model building of social situations.

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