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    Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2007 Aug;27(4):313-23.

    Timing, positioning, and sequential staging in esthetic implant therapy: a four-dimensional perspective.

    Funato A, Salama MA, Ishikawa T, Garber DA, Salama H.

    Source

    Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

    Abstract

    Many articles address the predictability of immediate implant placement into extraction sockets; however, there are only a few reports that mention the indications and limitations of this technique. The aim of this article is to re-examine specific indications for immediate implant placement and to clarify the timing or "fourth dimension" relative to extraction and implant placement. The expanded concept of four-dimensional implant treatment planning involves the new axis of time, which must be considered along with the traditional spatial or three-dimensional management of implant positioning.

    PMID:
    17726987
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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