Investigation of the patho-and morphogenesis of TG diseases in the regions of Georgia, on the basis of modern approaches to the questions of classification and treatment, coordinated with the Program of the European Association of Pathologists were carried out. We have examined the surgery material from the patients operated in Tbilisi within the period 2002-2006. The work included also the results of the retrospective pathomorphologic analysis of TG patterns within the period 2001-2007 from the regions of Western (Ajara, Samegrelo, Imerety) and Eastern (Kakheti, Kartli) Georgia. Material included 1248 cases, 63(5,05%) males and 1185 (94,95%) females at the age of 15-70 years old (128 (34,29%) cases of diffuse toxic (DTG), 122 (9,77%) cases of multinodal toxic (MTG) and 667 (53,45%)- nodal euthyroid goiter (NEG), 31(2,48%) cases of recurrent goiter). DTG is mostly characterized by the intensification of the synthetic, transport and energetic processes. The examined patterns of MTG revealed the increase of thyrocyte proliferative activity and basal membrane fibrosis and sclerosis. One of the distinctive signs of NEG is a great frequency of secondary destructive changes in parenchyma. It is noteworthy that the sizes of thyrocytes, cytoplasma and nuclei slightly exceeds those of the persons from the control group, but compared to the types of toxic goiter, they are lower. The number of Hurtle's cells grows in all three types of goiter. The process is especially intensive in NEG - till 40% that significantly exceeds the activity of these cells in other benign pathologies of TG. The analysis of the surgical material of thyroid gland from various regions of Georgia shows that in the patterns from the regions of Western Georgia, these prevails nodular euthyroid goiter with dystrophic-destructive secondary changes in follicles and stroma, morphological signs of colloid stagnation and hypothyreosis. In the patterns of the surgical material from the regions of Eastern Georgia, their prevail toxic types of goiter, in particular multinodular toxic form with a high mitotic activity of thyrocytes, intensive vascularization and signs of autoimmune disease.